INTRODUCTION:

Red ginger is one of the many plants in Indonesia that can be utilized as herbal remedies¹. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), 3,210m² of red ginger were harvested in 2020, yielding an approximate production of 3,210kg². Red ginger's chemical components are zingerone, shogaol, and gingerol. These compounds have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, and antioxidant properties³.

It is known that the compounds 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol have the ability to decrease cardio-tonic activity, while the compound 6-shogaol has antitussive properties and suppresses intestinal contraction⁴. Additionally, there is evidence that shogaol and gingerol can be used against CCl₄ and galactosamine, which have the potential to cause liver damage in rats. These compounds contribute significantly to the spicy flavor of red ginger⁵. Orally Disintegrating Film (ODF) is a type of drug preparation that is applied to the tongue; it is thin, light, and flexible, allowing the drug to dissolve quickly⁶. The active ingredient used in ODF preparations must meet a number of requirements, such as having a broad therapeutic index, being soluble in water and saliva, having a non-bitter taste, and having a low-dose therapeutic effect⁷. The choice of polymer is one of the most crucial aspects of creating ODF, and the most widely used polymers are hydrophilic ones like HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose)⁸. Solvent casting, the simplest and oldest method of producing ODF, involves dissolving the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in a particular solvent, then dissolving the polymer, plasticizer, and other ingredients in a different portion of the solvent to create a polymer solution⁹. Red Ginger Extract Orally Disintegrating Film formulation was based on previous research with an optimized formula. ODF was made with a concentration of hydrophilic polymer, HPMC K4M, as much as 2% of the total weight of ODF, the plasticizer used was PEG 400 with a concentration of 30% of the total polymer and a sweetener, namely stevioside 25mg. The resulting ODF is homogeneous, with a specific odor, yellow in color with a slightly spicy taste, slightly oily, transparent and easy to remove from the mold¹⁰. The various uses of ginger as a spice, supplement, tea, cream, and medicine make the standardization of ginger formulations important. However, the TLC densitometry method is currently not widely carried out and available in commercial ginger preparations in the analysis of 6-shogaol. 100μg/ml standard solution with 10 mg gingerol in 10ml methanol was used in the method validation test using the mobile phase hexane: ethyl acetate 60:40. 6-gingerol compounds were withdrawn from ODF by diluting 10 pieces of ODF in 70mL of methanol as a sample solution. So that the corresponding Rf was 0.33¹¹. In other studies, the analysis of gingerol levels in various types of preparations such as tea, creams, supplements, and others using hexane: ethyl acetate 50:50 mobile phase with the same standard and sample solution preparation as before. However, the Rf value obtained is 0.42. This difference shows that different types of gingerol and shogaol produce different Rf values¹². The identification compound in the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia edition II's condensed extract of red ginger rhizome is 6-shogaol; however, eugenol is employed as a standard compound for the chromatographic pattern using the thin layer chromatography method¹¹. The thick extract of red ginger rhizome, on the other hand, was examined in earlier research using n-hexane:ether at a 40:60 (V/V) ratio, UV light at 366nm, and vanillin stain in sulfuric acid to produce 6-shogaol compounds with a retardation factor (Rf). Therefore, in order to obtain a good retardation factor (Rf), this study will optimize the mobile phase (n-hexane: ethyl acetate) and validate the TLC-densitometry method for the analysis of 6-shogaol in Orally Disintegrating Film (ODF) preparations of standardized extracts of red ginger (Zingiber Officinale var. Rubrum)¹³.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Materials:

Red ginger rhizomes were obtained from Balai-Balai village in Padang Panjang as much as 5kg. HPMC K4M polymer (Lawsim Zecha, Jakarta), PEG 400 (Ethonas, Malaysia), Sodium Benzoate (Gloria Intercem, India), and Stevioside were received with the support of PT. Tatarasa Primatama, Tangerang. Ethanol 70% (Andalas Chemical, Padang), methanol (p.a), n-hexane (p.a), ethyl acetate (p.a), chloroform (p.a), and 6-shogaol compound (Markherb, Bandung).

Preparation of Red Ginger Rhizome Extract:

The rhizomes were cut into thin slices with a thickness of about 0.3-0.5cm, then, the rhizomes were dried and avoided direct sunlight. After that, the dried simplicia were sorted to remove unusable parts. After the simplicia were sorted, then the simplicial were mashed using a grinder. Simplicia that has been finely sieved using a mesh no. 40 sieve and weighed the weight of the dry powder obtained¹⁴.Red ginger dry simplicia were mashed and weighed, then extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol solvent for three repetitions to optimize the search. Furthermore, the extraction was carried out by putting one part of the dried powder of simplicia into the macerator and adding ten parts of solvent. Then, soak for the first six hours while stirring, and then let stand for one hour.

Standardization of Red Ginger Extract:

a) Organoleptic Test:

Organoleptic tests are carried out in the form of examining shape, color, smell, and taste using the five senses. This test is carried out as a simple form of initial recognition as objectively as possible¹⁵.

b) Determination of The Maximum Wavelength of 6-Shogaol:

Determination of the maximum wavelength using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer using 6-shogaol standard solution with a concentration of 100μg/mL with methanol solvent at a wavelength of 200-400nm. The blank solution used was methanol¹⁶.

c) Rendement:

The extract obtained can be calculated by the weight of the thick extract divided by the weight of the simplicia obtained, then the extract rendement (%b/b) is calculated¹⁴.

d) Water Concentration Determination:

Gravimetry is used to measure water concentration. Prior to being placed in a pre-weighed container, roughly 10grams of the sample were carefully weighed. After five hours of drying at 105°C, the extract was returned to its container. Following that, drying was done in an oven, and weighed every hour until there was no more than a 0.25% discrepancy between the two readings¹⁴.

e) Total ash concentration determination:

Three porcelain crucibles were baked at 105°C for 30 minutes. After that, two grams of extract were added to each crust after they had been weighed. Subsequently, the crucible was placed in an oven set to 800°C for seven hours and allowed to cool for fifteen minutes in a desiccator¹⁴.

Preparation of Orally Disintegrating Film (ODF) of Red Ginger Extract:

A Petri dish is the mold used to make ODFs recipes. The radius of 4,55cm is measured in order to calculate the amount of active material utilized in one mold. Therefore, one mold has an area of 65,065cm². ODFs formulations with 10mg of the active ingredient and a 2x2 cm² size were created, with a total amount of active ingredient used in one mold is 163mg, and 16.26625 ODFs can be produced in one mold. Following a homogenous mixing of HPMC K4M and PEG 400, the mixture was spread out in a portion of water and gently stirred until the HPMC K4M fully expanded and formed a gel. Separately, sodium benzoate, stevioside, and red ginger extract were dissolved in the remaining water, and the solution was sonicated at 30°C to achieve homogeneity. The two masses were then combined and stirred until thoroughly mixed, and 10g of the mass was poured into the mold, which was then set on a level surface. The preparation were dried until the ODFs of red ginger extract were obtained, and the drying time of ODFs were based on the drying room temperature¹⁰.

Table 1. Formulation of ODF

Formula	Amount
Red ginger extract (mg)	163
HPMC K4M (mg)	200
PEG 400 (mg)	60
Stevioside (mg)	25
Sodium Benzoate (mg)	10
Distilled Water up to (g)	10

Orally Disintegrating Film (ODFs) Evaluation:

a) Organoleptic Test:

The organoleptic characteristics of the ODF preparation of red ginger extract were observed visually, namely homogeneity, color, odor, texture, and taste¹⁷.

b) Weight and Thickness Measurement:

ODFs weights were evaluated by weighing each of the six randomly chosen ODFs one at a time. Each ODF's weight shouldn't differ much from the mean weight¹⁷. A digital micrometre was used to measure the thickness of the ODF's center and four corners on six ODFs of each formula to assess the ODF's thickness. After calculating the average ODFs thickness, the coefficient of variation (CV) should be less than 5%¹⁸.

c) Disintegration Test:

1. Slide Frame Method:

A 2×2cm² ODF was clamped with a slide frame placed flat on a Petri dish. After that, one drop of distilled water was added to the ODF. The disintegration time was observed until a hole was formed on the ODF, and the time was recorded¹⁹.

2. Petri Dish Method:

A 2×2 cm² ODF was placed in a Petri dish containing 6 mL of distilled water. The time was recorded until the ODF was disintegration¹⁹.

Preparation of Red Ginger Extract Sample Solution:

The red ginger extract obtained was weighed as much as 100mg and put into a 100mL volumetric flask. Then, methanol was added up to the limit mark. The sample solution was vortexed for 5minutes at 2000rpm and filtered with a 0.45μm Whatman filter paper. Thus, a 1000μg/mL extract solution was obtained²⁰.

Preparation of Orally Disintegrating Film (ODFs) of Red Ginger Extract Sample Solution:

The ODFs of red ginger extract obtained were weighed as many as 10pieces (equivalent to 100mg of extract) and put into a 100mL volumetric flask. Then, methanol was added up to the limit mark. The sample solution was vortexed for 5minutes at 2000rpm and filtered with a 0.45μm Whatman filter paper. Thus, a 1000μg/mL extract solution was obtaine²⁰.

Mobile Phase Optimization with Various Ratios:

Mobile phase optimization of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and chloroform was carried out with various ratios using 1000µg/mL extract solution and 1000µg/ml 6-shogaol compound solution using silica gel 60F₂₅₄ as the stationary phase. The parameters observed in the selection of optimal conditions are retardation factor (Rf), asymmetry factor (TF), resolution (Rs), theoretical plate number (N), Height Equivalent Theoretical Plate (HETP)²¹.

Validation Methods:

Method validation was conducted by measuring the following parameters:

a) Linearity:

The linearity test was carried out by making a calibration curve using 6-shogaol compound solutions with concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µg/mL. The results show a linear relationship if the r value is close to 1 or 0.999²¹.

b) Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ):

The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were determined by the Standard Deviation (SD) method of the slope (S) of the calibration plot and the SD of the blank sample²¹.

c) Precision:

The precision test was carried out by making a solution of one concentration series, namely 300, 400, and 500 µg/mL. The test was conducted intraday and interday. The results are declared precise if the percentage precision < 2%²¹.

d) Accuracy:

Accuracy determination was carried out by adding 6-shogaol solution to the red ginger extract sample as much of 80%, 100%, and 120% of the level obtained. The results are declared accurate if they reach the range of 98-102%²¹.

Determination of 6-Shogaol Compound in Red Ginger Extract and ODFs of Red Ginger Extract:

Saturation of the chamber was done using filter paper. Then, the TLC plate was activated in an oven at 120°C for 20minutes. Then, the sample solution of red ginger extract was bottled on the plate and then eluted in the chamber with the mobile phase. After that, the stain on the plate was observed using a UV 254 lamp, and the area under the curve (AUC) was measured using a Camag® TLC scanner. The 6-shogaol concentration was calculated using a linear regression equation and performed with 3 repetitions²².

RESULT:

Characterization of Red Ginger Extract:

A weight of 850.05g was obtained for simplicia. After that, it was extracted using the maceration process for three 24hour periods using 5,765mL of 70% ethanol solvent. Red ginger extract's rendement (Table 2) was 17.8%, meeting the national quality standard's criterion of greater than 17.0%. The gravimetric approach, which was selected due to its simplicity and ease of use, was used to determine the moisture concentration. Red ginger extract yielded a moisture concentration of 11.8%. This outcome marginally surpasses the maximum moisture concentration of 11% required by the extract quality standard. The ash concentration was 1.1%, which was higher than the 1.0% upper limit specified in the national quality standard²³.

Table 2. Characterization of Red Ginger Extract

Test	Red Ginger Extract	Standard Quality of Extract²³.
Organoleptic	Thick extract, slightly yellowish brown in color, distinctive odor, spicy taste	Thick extract, yellow-brown in color, distinctive odor, spicy taste
Rendement	17.8%	More than 17.00%
Water concentration	11.8%±0.00621	Less than 11.00%
Total ash concentration	1.1%±0.000577	Less than 1.00%

Evaluation of ODFs preparation includes an organoleptic test (Table 3). The red ginger extract ODFs produced have the characteristics of a yellow.

Orally Disintegrating Film (ODFs) of Red Ginger Extract Evaluation:

Slightly yellowish brown in color with a thin texture and has a sweet and slightly spicy taste, as well as an appearance that is not transparent and easily removable from the mold. ODF was cut into a 2x2cm²size from one mold (Figure 1). The weight and thickness of ODFs (Table 3) were 0.0188g and 0.046mm, respectively. Meanwhile, the ODFs’ disintegration time test resulted in 49.50 seconds and 6.92 seconds, respectively, which is less than 60 seconds. These results indicate that the weight and thickness of ODFs meet the requirements of the preparation¹⁰.

Table 3. ODF of Red Ginger Extract Evaluation

Test	Result	Description¹⁷.
Organoleptic	Homogeneous, thin yellow-brown in color and has a sweet slightly spicy taste, not transparent, easy to remove	Homogeneous, characteristic odor, yellow in color, slightly spicy, smooth film texture, non-greasy, non-transparent, and easy to remove from the mold.
Weight (g)	0.0188±0.00162	The weight of each movie should not deviate from the average weight.
Thickness (mm)	0.046±0.00163 CV = 3.54%	Coefficient of Variation (CV) less than 5%
Disintegration Test (Second)	Petri dish = 49.50±1.51 Slide frame = 6.92±1.38	Less than 60 second

Figure 1. Orally Disintegrating Film (ODF) of red ginger extract in; (a). One mold and (b). Size 2x2cm²

Maximum Wavelength of 6-Shogaol Compound:

Determination of the maximum wavelength was done by making a standard solution of 100μg/mL. The maximum wavelength of the compound 6-shogaol was at a wavelength of 279nm (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Maximum wavelength of 6-shogaol compound in 100 μg/mL

Mobile Phase Optimization:

Mobile phase optimization testing employing n-hexane:ethyl acetate (9:1) was the most successful strategy for separating 6-shogaol components in the extract (Table 4). Results from multiple tests using various mobile phase comparisons. When the mobile phase n-hexane:ethyl acetate has a ratio of (8:2), (7:3), (6.5:3.5), (5.5:4.5), and (5:5), Rf values >0.8 are obtained. This means that the mobile phase does not generate Rf values that fall within the range of excellent Rf values, which is 0.2-0.816. Rf values <0.8 were found in the mobile phase of n-hexane: chloroform (5:5) and n-hexane:ethyl acetate (9:1), respectively. However, the Rf value of 0.13 obtained in the mobile phase n-hexane:chloroform (6:4) does not fall inside the acceptable range. The mobile phases of n-hexane:ethyl acetate (9:1) and n-hexane:chloroform (5:5) have Rf values of 0.37 and 0.30, respectively, which satisfy the range of criteria. The resolution value in the n-hexane:chloroform phase, which has a ratio (5:5) of -5.2, shows that the densitograms generated are quite close to overlap, even if the Rf value satisfies the requirements. Since it has a good resolution value²⁴. An Rf value that satisfies the requirements is 0.37; the n-hexane:ethyl acetate mobile phase with a ratio of (9:1) was selected (Figure 4). The mobile phase n-hexane:ethyl acetate (9:1) with Rf 0,37 was chosen because it produced a separation with a resolution value of 1.6 for the compound 6-shogaol in the extract. According to the literature, optimal separation occurs if the resolution value is more than >1. Good separation parameters on TLC are also influenced by Tf, or the tailing factor. The resulting TF value is 1. According to the literature, a good Tf value is 1. The theoretical plate number value illustrates the separation efficiency of a method. The efficiency of the method is based on the value of N> 2000. Based on the results (Table 4), the N value obtained is 87616 >2000. This is inversely proportional to the HETP (Height Equivalent Theoretical Plate) value. If the greater the N value, the better, it is different from the HETP value. The smaller the HETP value, the better the separation efficiency²⁵. The HETP value of the selected mobile phase is 9.13075×10^-5.

(a)

(b)

Figure 4. Densitogram of 6-shogaol compound in; (a). Standard solution of 6-shogaol and (b). Red ginger extracts.

Validation Methods:

The results obtained in this study (Table 5) meet the requirements criteria with an r value of 0.9978, where it is explained that linearity is good if the correlation coefficient value is close to 1. Then, the LOD and LOQ values of 6-shogaol are 35.97μg/mL and 119.91μg/mL, indicating that this method is able to detect and calculate precisely and quantitatively. The values obtained in the 6-shogaol test show precise values both intraday and interday of 0.24%, 0.71%, 0.32% and 0.52%, 0.49%, 0.57% respectively. Thus, this value meets the requirements of the ideal precision value, namely, if the percentage of precision or relative standard deviation is less than 2%. The recovery values of 80%, 100%, and 120% standard solutions added to the analyte in red ginger extract were 102.77%, 101.76%, and 101.02% and in the ODFs Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum preparations obtained were 100.79%, 100.36%, and 102.49%. The values obtained meet the AOAC requirements²⁶.

Table 5. Summary of Validation Parameters .

Parameters	Results
Linearity range	100-500μg/mL
Slope	4.2157
Intercept	820.13
Coefficient correlation	0.9978
Precision Intraday (n=3)	0.24-0.71%
Precision Interday (n=3)	0.49-0.57%
%Recovery Extract (n=3)	100.36-102.49%
%Recovery ODF (n=3)	101.02-102.77%
Limit Of Detection (LOD)	35.97μg/mL
Limit Of Quantification(LOQ)	119.91μg/mL

Determination of 6-shogaol Concentration in Extract and ODFs of Red Ginger Extract:

The concentration of 6-shogaol in red ginger extract (Table 6) with a solution concentration of 1000µg/mL was 130.51µg/mL with a concentration of 13.05%. The concentration of 6-shogaol in ODFs of red ginger extract with a solution concentration of 1000µg/mL was 110.20 µg/mL with a % concentration of 11.02%. Based on these data (Table 6), the concentration of 6-shogaol in the ODF of red ginger extract was calculated. The results showed that every 10mg of extract contained 1.305mg of 6-shogaol, and the ODF preparation of red ginger extract (equivalent to 10mg of red ginger extract) contained 1.102mg of 6-shogaol. Thus, the recovery of 6-shogaol concentration in the ODF preparation of red ginger extract was 84.44% of the theoretical concentration.

Table 6. 6-shogaol Concentration in Extract and ODFs of Red Ginger Extract

Parameter	Concentration (μg/mL)	Concentration (%) (b/b)
Extract Zingiber Officinale var. Rubrum 1000 µg/mL	130.51	13.05
ODFs Zingiber Officinale var. Rubrum 1000 µg/mL	110.20	11.02

DISCUSSION:

Red ginger rhizomes obtained from Balai-Balai village, Padang Panjang, West Sumatra were cleaned and cut into thin slices, then macerated using ethanol 70% to obtained an extract that fulfills the requirements. Nevertheless, there are differences between the findings of the measurements of the water and total ash contents. High water and total ash content may be the reason of this. Techniques for drying, extraction, and solvent evaporation can all affect an extract's high water content. Simplicia should be dried in an environment with a humidity level of less than 40–60%. The amount of moisture in an extract affects how well it stores. Furthermore, metal pollutants, particularly those found in soil, might contribute to elevated ash levels. Additionally, plant quality has an impact on the total ash content. Before it ages, red ginger can be collected between the ages of 10 and 12 months. The amount of ash in the extract can be influenced by the quality and age of the red ginger plant¹⁴. Minerals like salt, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus may even be present in naturally high concentrations in the extract. The ODF evaluation test parameters of red ginger extract met all the requirements. However, it is worth noting some important points that may affect the results of making red ginger extract ODF. Appropriate weighing of extracts and excipients will affect the weight and thickness of ODF. Variations in the weight and thickness of ODF may affect the dosage and disintegration time of ODF. Disintegration time is also affected by storage humidity and the accuracy of adding excipients to the ODF²⁷. The wavelength chosen for quantitative analysis is typically the wavelength that exhibits maximum absorbance. Additionally, the absorbance curve tends to be flat around the maximum wavelength, meaning that slight variations in the measurement do not significantly affect the results. The results of the maximum wavelength determination test are typically influenced by temperature, instrumentation factors, solvent purity, and the purity of the standard compound used²⁸. The maximum wavelength obtained is 279nm, close to the maximum wavelength according to the literature which is 281nm²⁹. While an Rf value of 0.0 suggests that the analyte did not migrate and was trapped at the site, an Rf value of about 1.0 indicates that the analyte migrated all the way to the plate's upper limit. Numerous factors, including the stationary phase's quality, humidity, the number of spots, displacement distance, and ambient temperature, affect the Rf value. Conversely, if the resolution value is less than 1, the peaks that are generated in the densitogram are likely to be near to one another, indicating improper separation. In general, bottling mistakes can cause overlap in the densitogram. When the analyte concentration at one site is significantly higher than the other points, overlapping spots become more unsettling and lead to low resolution readings³⁰. The TF value also affects optimization. If <1 or >1 denotes plate stain tailing. The resulting densitogram is therefore not symmetrical. This typically happens as a result of mistakes in the selection of the mobile phase and analyte concentrations that are either overly concentrated or too diluted. It is common for numerical values of N derived from the same analyte on various plates to vary considerably. Better separation is indicated by an increase in N, which is caused by an increase in solvent migration distance. On the other hand, a chromatographic method with a small HETP value is more effective. Smaller stationary phase analyte particles, a lower mobile phase flow rate, a mobile phase with the right viscosity, and smaller solute molecules in the sample are all indicated by a modest HETP value. Thus, while a modest HETP value reduces diffusion and preserves densitogram resolution, a big N value guarantees good separation efficiency²¹. Linearity, precision, recovery percentage, limit of quantitation (LOQ), and limit of detection (LOD) are some of the metrics used in the validation of the 6-shogaol analytical method using TLC-densitometry. A linearity rating approaching 1 signifies a direct proportionality between measurement and concentration. By comparing the acquired linearity value with a set of standard samples whose concentration is known, one may also use it to ascertain the concentration of an unknown sample²⁹. The method and the analytes being analyzed may affect the LOD and LOQ requirements. To make sure the analytical technique is accurate and sensitive enough for its intended usage, these parameters should constantly be verified³¹. The precision of the working process, from bottling to mobile phase saturation, generally affects a method's precision value. For instance, varying bottling quantities may result in varying precision results. The method's stability and ability to yield consistent results under different temporal conditions can be demonstrated by the results of intraday and interday precision evaluations²⁶. In order to ensure the validity of measurement results in analytical applications, accuracy test results are typically reported as the average percentage recovery, which is accompanied by the standard deviation (SD) or relative standard deviation (RSD). The AOAC states that acceptable recovery rates are typically in the range of 98-102%³². The accuracy test is one of the primary parameters in the validation of analytical methods; it determines the degree to which the measurement results are close to the true value or known reference value. Concentration determination helps to verify that the preparation's active ingredient concentration complies with established guidelines, so ensuring the product's efficacy and safety. The outcomes of the theoretical levels are greatly impacted by several circumstances that can lead to changes in concentrations. The stability of the 6-shogaol compound requires temperatures close to 0°C or below because it is known to have characteristics that are readily broken down at room temperature⁸. The breakdown of 6-shogaol during the production and drying of ODF preparations at room temperature may result in a reduction in the compound's concentration. Therefore, it is important to control the temperature during the manufacturing and storage of the final ODF preparation to keep it within the appropriate temperature range to maintain the stability of the compound⁸.

CONCLUSION:

N-hexane:ethyl acetate (9:1) is the best mobile phase for analysing 6-shogaol in red ginger rhizome extract (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) using a silica gel 60 F₂₅₄TLC plate. Rf 0.37 in this mobile phase showed a stain that satisfied the corresponding Rf's requirements with a value of Rs 1.6; Tf 1; HETP 9.13075×10^-5; and N 87616. The linearity (r = 0.9978), limit of detection, and limit of quantitation of substances for the densitometric TLC method are 35.97μg/mL and 119.91μg/mL, respectively, which are requirements for the validation of analytical methods. A value of 0.24-0.71% was obtained for the intraday precision test, and a value of 0.49-0.57% was obtained for the interday precision test. The accuracy test yielded a recovery percentage of 101.02-102.77% for the extract and 100.36-102.49% for the ODF extract formulation. The extract and ODF preparation of Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum were found to have 13.05% and 11.02% of 6-shogaol, respectively. Thus, 84.44% of the theoretical amount of 6-shogaol is present in the ODF formulation of red ginger extract.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors have no conflicts of interest regarding this investigation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Gratitude is expressed to LPPM Andalas University for providing research funds through the undergraduate thesis research scheme with research contract number 234/UN16.19/PT.01.03/PSS/2024

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Received on 24.05.2025 Revised on 16.09.2025

Accepted on 29.11.2025 Published on 05.06.2026

Available online from June 06, 2026

Research J. Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(6):2585-2592.

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00370

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Creative Commons License.

Mobile Phase	Parameter
	Rf	Rs	TF	N	HETP
	0,2-0,8	>1	1	>2000	<<<<
N-hexane : ethyl acetate (9:1)	0.35	1.6	1	87616.0	9.13075×10^-5
N-hexane : ethyl acetate (8:2)	0.85	-1.4	1	126736.0	6.31233×10^-5
N-hexane : ethyl acetate (7:3)	0.86	-0.4	0.25	310026.2	2.58043×10^-5
N-hexane : ethyl acetate (6.5:3.5)	0.87	-4.0	1	1982464.0	4.03538×10^-6
N-hexane : ethyl acetate (6:4)	0.89	-1.8	3,5	116508.4	6.86646×10^-5
N-hexane : ethyl acetate (5.5:4.5)	0.88	2.5	-0.5	48881.2	0.000163662
N-hexane : ethyl acetate (5:5)	0.87	-0.3	0	310026.2	2.58043×10^-5
N-hexane : chloroform (5:5)	0.3	-5.2	2	116508.4	6.86646×10^-5
N-hexane : chloroform (6:4)	0.13	-1.6	0.5	22300.4	0.000358737